Softskill_Meeting 3
In 776 B.C.,
the first Olympic Games were held at the foot of Mount Olympus to honor the
Greeks’ chief god, Zeus. The warm climate for outdoor activities, the need for
preparedness in war, and their lifestyle caused the Greeks to create
competitive sports. Only the elite and military could participate at first, but
later the games were open to all free Greek males who had no criminal record.
The Greeks emphasized physical fitness and strength in their education of
youth. Therefore, contest in running, jumping, discuss and javelin throwing,
boxing, and horse and chariot racing were held in individual cities, and the
winners competed every four years at Mount Olympus. Winners were greatly
honored by having olive wreaths placed on their heads and having poems sung
about their deeds. Originally these contests were held as games of friendship,
and any wars in progress were halted to allow the games to take place. They
also helped to strengthen bonds among competitors and the different cities
represented.
The Greeks
attached so much importance to the games that they calculated time in four-year
cycles called “Olympiads,” dating from 776 B.C. The contest coincided with
religious festivities and constituted an all-out effort on the part of the
participants to please the gods. Any who disobeyed the rules were dismissed and
seriously punished. These athletes brought shame not only to themselves, but
also to the cities they represented.
1. Which of the following is NOT
true ?
A. Winners placed olive wreaths on their
own heads.
B. The games were held in Greece every
four years.
C. Battles were interrupted to participate
in the games.
D. Poem glorified the winners in song.
Answer : C. Battles were interrupted to participate in
the games.
Reason : Battles were not interrupted, but stopped
because to allow the games to take place. Look at the end of first paragraph ; …..an
any wars in progress were halted to allow the games to take place.
2. The word “elite” in line 5 is
closest in meaning to…
A. aristocracy
B. Brave
C. intellectuals
D. muscular
Answer : A. aristocracy
Reason : elite and aristocracy, both of them have the
same meaning ; the most powerful members of a society or a privileged
class holding hereditary titles.
3. Why were the Olympic Games held?
A. To stop wars
B. To honor Zeus
C. To crown the best athletes
D. To sing songs about the athletes
Answer : B. To honor Zeus
Reason : the reason is in the first sentence in the
story ; the first Olympic Games were held at the foot of Mount Olympus to
honor the Greek’s chief god,Zeus.
4.Approximately how many years ago
did these games originate?
A. 800 years
B. 1200 years
C. 2300 years
D. 2800 years
Answer : D.2800 years
Reason : let’s count from the first year the games
held, in 776 BC until now 2012….it is about 2788 years or approximately 2800
years.
5.What conclusion can we draw about
the ancient Greeks?
A. They were pacifists
B. They believed athletic events were
important
C. They were very simple
D. They couldn’t count, so they used
“Olympiads” for dates
Answer : B. They believed athletic events were
important
Reason : according to the text ; The Greeks
emphasized physical fitness and strength to their education of youth. So
they believed event like Olympic games were important to their prestige.
6.What is the main idea of this
passage?
A. Physical fitness was an integral part
of the lives of the ancient Greeks
B. The Greeks severely punished those who
did not participate in physical fitness programs
C. The Greeks had always encouraged
everyone to participate in the games
D. The Greeks had the games coincide with
religious festivities so that they could go back to war when the games were over
Answer : A. Physical fitness was an
integral part of the lives of the ancient Greeks.
Reason : Option A –> the article’s contain all
about the history of Olympic Games and focused about The Greeks that emphasized
physical fitness and strength to their education of youth. Option B –> a
wrong statement because the punishment is for any who disobeyed the rules of
Olympic. Option C –> a wrong statement because the games were just open to
all free Greek males who had no criminal record. Option D –> it is not wrong
at all, but this statement is not the main idea.
7. In line 14, the word “deeds” is
closest in meaning to…
A. Accomplishments
B. Ancestors
C. Documents
D. Property
Answer : A. Accomplishments
Reason : in Indonesian, deeds meaning to ‘perbuatan’.
But in this case, the winners of Olympic were having poems sung about their
deeds, so ‘deeds’ more refers to ‘accomplishments’ that meaning to
‘prestasi/pencapaian’.
8. Which of the following was
ultimately required of all athletes competing in the Olympics?
A. They must have completed military
service.
B. They had to attend special training
sessions
C. They had to be Greek males with no
criminal record
D. They had to be very religious
Answer : C. They had to be Greek males
with no criminal record
Reason : According to the third sentence in the
article ; …..but the later games were open to all free Greek males who had
no criminal record.
9. The word “halted” in line 16
means most nearly the same as…
A. Encourages
B. Started
C. Curtailed
D. Fixed
Answer : C. Curtailed
Reason : if we change ‘halted’ with the option
A/B/D, it means the war push/start/still happened but in the article, any
war in progress were halted, and curtailed means the most nearly the same
as halted.
10. What is an “Olympiad”?
A. The time it took to finish the games
B. The time between games
C. The it took to finish a war
D. The time it took the athletes to train
Answer : B. The time between games
Reason : look at the first line in the second paragraph;
The Greeks attached so much importance to the games that they calculated
time in four-year cycles called “Olympiads”.
STYLISTIC
PROBLEMS
1. The defendant refused to answer
the prosecutor’s questions…..
A. Because he was afraid it would incriminate
him
B. For fear that they will incriminate him
C. Because he was afraid that his answers
would incriminate him
D. Fearing that he will be incriminated by
it
Answer : C. Because he was afraid that his
answers would incriminate him
Reason : there is a complete independent clause and
dependent clause, and match in tenses.
2. Mrs.Walker has returned…..
A. A wallet back to its original owner
B. To its original owner the wallet
C. The wallet to its originally owner
D. The wallet to its original owner
Answer : D. The wallet to its original
owner
Reason : the option C & D are almost
look alike. But if you translate it in Indonesian, it’s different at all. ‘Originally‘
in option C means : Awalnya. And ‘Original’ in option D means : Asli,
that more suitable with the sentence. There are a number of words -ly
could be misleading if we only see the words essentially alone. Not even a
little bit of the words this is not a is adverb. for example, ‘Quickly’ means ”
dengan cepat” but ‘lately’ doesn’t mean “dengan terlambat” but “belakangan
ini/baru-baru ini.” (credit to Mr. Gustaaf Kusno for explain it on
http://sosbud.kompasiana.com/2010/03/17/nyaris-tak-bernafas/)
3.The hospital owes……for the
construction of the new wing.
A. The government twenty million dollars
B. For the government twenty million
dollars
C. To the government twenty million
dollars
D. Twenty million of dollars to the
government
Answer : D. Twenty million of dollars to
the government
Reason : there is a complete independent clause and
dependent clause, and match in tenses and a right path to fill the blank
sentence. Or for easy way, just translate it in Indonesian.
4. Sarah…..that she could not attend
classes next week
A. Told to her professors
B. Said her professors
C. Told her professors
D. Is telling her professors
Answer : D. Is telling her professors
Reason : Sarah is telling her professor that she
could not attend classes next week. The tenses is must be present
continuous because the event is happening now, that sarah is telling her
professor about her presence matter for the next week class.
5.The artist was asked to show some
paintings at the contest because…
A. He painted very good
B. They believed he painted well
C. Of their belief that he was an good
artist
D. The judges had been told of his talents
Answer : D. The judges had been told of
his talents
Reason : there is a sequence of tense, simple past
tense in ; The artist was asked to show some paintings at the contest;
with past perfect tense in ; The judges had been told of his talents. and
also the perfect combination of dependent-independent clause.
6. If motorists do not observe
the traffic regulations, they will be stopped, ticketed, and have
to pay a fine.
Correction :
If motorists do not observe the
traffic regulations, they will be stopped, ticketed, and fined.
Reason :
The sentence above must be parallelism. Stopped
and ticketed, both of them are verb…but have to pay a fine is a
new clause, so it must be change with verb too, such as ; fined.
7.Fred, who usually conducts the
choir rehearsals, did not show up last night because he had
an accident on his way to the practice
Correction :
Fred, who usually conducts the choir
rehearsals, did not show up last night because he had had an accident on his
way to the practice.
Reason :
Because the accident is already happen. It is
perfectly ‘finish’. So, we should use the past perfect tense, S+Had+V3
8.A short time before her
operation last month , Mrs.Carlyle dreams of her daughter
who lives overseas.
Correction :
A short time before her operation
last month , Mrs.Carlyle had dreamed of her daughter who lives
overseas.
Reason :
Because ‘the dream process’ is perfectly
‘finish’, so we should use the past perfect tense.
9. The atmosphere in Andalucia
is open, warm, and gives a welcome feeling to all who have the
good fortune to visit there.
Correction :
The atmosphere in Andalucia is open,
warm, and welcome to all who have the good fortune to visit there.
Reason :
The sentence above must be parallelism. Open and
warm, both of them are adjective. So must be following with adjective
too. Gives a welcome feeling is a new clause. Change it with welcome.
10. Some of the people were standing
in the street watched the parade, while others were singing
songs.
Correction :
Some of the people were standing in
the street watching the parade, while others were singing songs.
Reason :
The sentence above must be parallelism. Standing
and Singing, both of them are verb in present continuous / the happening
event. So watched must be change with the same tenses too.
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